Effective Leadership Skills During An Ethical Dilemma

Effective Leadership Skills during an Ethical Dilemma The purpose of this paper is to introduce ethical frameworks that can help solve an ethical dilemma. I will give an example of ethical issues encountered in a jail setting and an ethical dilemma that I experienced as a result of these ethical issues. I will analyze the moral, ethical, and legal implications that I used in this ethical dilemma. Furthermore, I will explain my leadership role as a patient advocate during this particular moral issue. Lastly, I will describe my leadership styles that were identified by my self-assessment and how this facilitates my ethical dilemma. Introduction The American Nurses Association Code of Ethics states, â€Å"The nurse promote, advocates for,†¦show more content†¦I am not sure if this has to do with losing some of your rights as an inmate or if it is different in other jails. Lastly, other ethical issues in a jail setting involve witnessing the use of force in against patients that are severely agitated and uncooperative which end up in a mechanical restraint such as a restraint chair. The ethical dilemma I encountered in my work environment involves correctional officers using force and restraint chairs against mental health patients. Officers are allowed to restraint anyone who can be a danger to themselves or any person in the facility. Ethical Dilemma Maschi, Marmo, and Han (2014) stated, â€Å"According to the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (United Nations, 1948), every human being is entitled to be treated with dignity and respect, which includes individuals not being subjected to torture and cruel and unusual punishment† (p. 173). Also, studies have shown that patients who were placed in a mechanical restraint experience depression, insomnia, delusion, panic, demoralization, and intense anger (Bersot Arrigo, 2011). Also, many patients indicated that they lost the principle of autonomy when placed in a mechanical restraint (Bersot Arrigo, 2011). Knowing these facts, is it unethical when officers use force and restraint chairs for mental health patients? Should officers use restraints and force to control dangerous patients even ifShow MoreRelatedTransformational Leadership : A Transformational Leader1503 Words   |  7 PagesTransformational Nursing Leadership INTRODUCTION Leadership is a process. The leader uses influence to inspire others toward a common goal. There are different types of leadership such as autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire. One leadership theory is transformational leadership. A transformational leader is defined as â€Å"a leader who is committed to a vision that empowers others† (Kelly, 2012). 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Company Background of Broadway Circuit Free Essays

Broadway Cinema was first established in the 1950s and was rebuilt in the existing location, Sai Yeung Choi St. , Mongkok, in 1987. Thereafter, Broadway Circuit has gradually developed to nowadays the largest cinema circuit in Hong Kong. We will write a custom essay sample on Company Background of Broadway Circuit or any similar topic only for you Order Now Being operated by Edko Films Ltd, the circuit consists of 11cinemas across the territory, covering all the major locations in Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and the New Territories. By the 53 screens we offer, their customers are able to choose from a wide range of movies upon their tastes and interests. Since 1999, Broadway Circuit has launched www. cinema. com. hk, which provides updated movie information and a platform for movie discussion. Inquiry hotline and email address were also set up to enhance customer communication for improving our service. Internet ticketing and phone ticketing services were launched from 2000 onwards. Moviegoers can select their favorable seat anytime at their convenience. dsfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffsm,nds,m fnds,mfnsdm,fnm,sdn fm,dnsmgnbs n mgb mn sfdbgm nfb sgnmbfdmnfbdgmnbs fdm, ngbfdmn b smn,bg mn fd bsg mnf s dbg mnds Archaeological studies support a human presence in the Chek Lap Kok area from 35,000 to 39,000 years ago, and in Sai Kung Peninsula from 6,000 years ago. [44][45][46] Wong Tei Tung and Three Fathoms Cove are the two earliest sites of human habitation in the Palaeolithic period. It is believed the Three Fathom Cove was a river valley settlement and Wong Tei Tung was a lithic manufacturing site. Excavated Neolithic artefacts suggest cultural differences from the Longshan culture in northern China and settlement by the Che people prior to the migration of the Baiyue. [47][48] Eight petroglyphs were discovered on surrounding islands, which dated to the Shang Dynasty in China. [49] In 214 BC, Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China, conquered the Baiyue tribes in Jiaozhi (modern Liangguang region) and incorporated the territory into imperial China for the first time. Modern Hong Kong is located in Nanhai commandery (modern Nanhai District) and near the ancient capital city Pun Yue. 50][51][52] The area was consolidated under the kingdom of Nanyue, founded by general Zhao Tuo in 204 BC after the Qin Dynasty collapsed. [53] When the kingdom was conquered by Emperor Wu of Han in 111 BC, the land was assigned to the Jiaozhi commandery under the Han Dynasty. Archaeological evidence indicates the population increased and early salt production flourished in this time period. Lei Che ng Uk Han Tomb in the Kowloon Peninsula is believed to have been built during the Han Dynasty. [54] During the Tang Dynasty period, the Guangdong region flourished as a regional trading center. In 736, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang established a military town in Tuen Mun to defend the coastal area in the region. [55] The first village school, Li Ying College, was established around 1075 in the New Territories under the Northern Song Dynasty. [56] During the Mongol invasion in 1276, the Southern Song Dynasty court moved to Fujian, then to Lantau Island and later to Sung Wong Toi (modern Kowloon City), but the child Emperor Huaizong of Song committed suicide by drowning with his officials after being defeated in the Battle of Yamen. How to cite Company Background of Broadway Circuit, Papers

Alcohol Abuse Cases in Aboriginal Communities- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAlcohol Abuse Cases in Aboriginal Communities. Answer: Introduction The problem of alcohol abuse is chronic among Indigenous communities living in Australia especially Torres State Islander communities. The moderate use of alcohol is within 30 g ethanol/d in case of men and 15 g/d in the case of women and these can be considered to be acceptable without having negative health and social effects ( Poli et al, 2013) . However excessive intake of alcohol causes significant harm. The Alcohol abuse is a major risk factor in the occurrence of different types of cardio-vascular diseases, stroke, liver cirrhosis and cancers (WHO, 2014). Thus it is responsible for lots of morbidity and mortality among all populations including Torres State Islander Aboriginal communities (Brett et al, 2017). The Alcohol abuse has also been found to be associated with domestic violence and family breakdown among Torres State Islander Aboriginal communities ( Ramamoorthi et al, 2014 ). The Alcohol abuse among these communities also creates a contributing environment to instigat e them for antisocial behaviour and other criminal activities (Rothman, 2014). Alcohol abuse during pregnancy is also very harmful for the developing foetus and the babies could be born with diseases such as fetal alcohol syndrome (Grant et al, 2014). Torres Strain Islanders are the group of indigenous people who mainly belong to the culture of the Melanesians and are much similar to the inhabitants of the Papua New Guinea islands. Often researchers consider them to be different from the other aboriginal group of people living in Australia. Although they are found to engage themselves inter marriages and different types of histological trades thy conduct with the mainland aboriginal people, they are generally refereed to as different. Nearby the cost of the mainland, two different types of Torres Islander people are observed. They are Bernaga and also Seisia. The 2011 Australian census figures state that the total population level residing in theTorres strait Island are found to be 4248 out of which 3856 are actually Torres strait islanders. Alcohol Abuse Statistics had stated many valuable information from the reaserches conducted under the 2008 NATSISS, where information was collected on different modes of alcohol consumption. The survey estimated that about 73 percent of indigenous people consumed alcohol in the past one year and over half of them consumed alcohol in past 2 weeks. Therefore just one quarter of them were not taking alcohol from past one year (ABS 2010). On close analysis of the data provided by NATSIHS, that a really high number of non indigenous people had consumed alcohol than the number of indigenous people in the last year. The standardized data based on age revealed that Indigenous populations had 0.7 times fewer odds of consuming alcohol over the past one week before the survey in comparison to non-Indigenous popu lations (ABS 2010). The survey also showed variations by gender and region. The prevalence of alcohol consumption is found to be lower in indigenous females as compared to indigenous males. During the survey, it was found that about 30 % of indigenous people had successfully abstained form alcohol in comparison to that of 17% of males in the indigenous groups who were also abstaining from alcohol consumption in the last year before the survey was conducted. Moreover the data also provided an interesting outlook where it was shown that alcohol consumption by indigenous people in the remote areas were far less when comparison was done with same kind of people in the non remote areas. About 38% of adults in the remote areas tried to avoid alcohol consumption in comparison to that of 19% of adults belonging to indigenous communities residing in the non remote regions in the past year of the survey. Also the NATSISS data found that 17 percent of 15 + years aged Indigenous people were consuming alcohols at a risky level that may put them to a long-term risk of diseases (ABS 2010). The gender-wise consumption of high-risk levels alcohol was 20 percent in men as compared to 14 percent in women. Moreover indigenous persons in young age-groups were more seen to indulge to high risk levels of alcohol; that too in the age-groups of 35-44 years. This is followed by age-cohort of 25-34 years (ibid). Also about 63 percent of indigenous people, who were taking in alcohol at the risky rate, were also found to undertake smoking pleasures. Moreover, it was also found that 37% of the cohort who were taking alcohol at a high risk was also found to be associated with illicit drug taking habits. Moreover in comparisons, to that of the non indigenous males, the likelihood of males of the indigenous backgrounds was found to be 1.7 times higher. In case of the females, it was found that indigenous f emales were taking alcohol at a greater rate than the non indigenous people ranging to about 1.4 times higher. The NATSISS data also reported on short-term risky drinking habits or binge drinking among men and women. The data found that about 37 percent of indigenous people consumed higher levels of isk of alcohol during 2 weeks before to the survey. Also about 46 percent of males were involved in binge drinking as compared to 28 percent of females. Moreover binge drinking was found to be highly associated with the habits of high level daily smoking i.e. 59 percent as compared to 33 percent for low risk drinkers (ibid). The substance abuse in high-risk percent as compared to 33 percent for low risk drinkers (ibid). The substance abuse in high-risk binge drinkers was 32 percent as compared to 18 percent in low-risk drinkers. Also the NATSIHS survey 2004- 05 reported that prevalence of high risk binge drinking was more in the category of the indigenous Australians in comparison to that of the non- indigenous categories of people. Another interesting fact that was also found is that the adults o f the indigenous people are about more than 1.2 times more seen to drink at short intervals as well as higher risk level when comparison was done with the non- indigenous adults. There were also gender-wise differences. Indigenous males were two times more likely to involve in high-risk binge drinking as compared to non-indigenous males. Moreover indigenous females were three times more likely to involve in high-risk binge drinking as compared to non-indigenous females (ibid). Moreover when researchers pondered upon the age wise data, they saw that the indigenous people overall had a greater tendency towards the habit of binge eating in comparison to that of the individuals of the non indigenous category. There were also variations by region. The 2004-05 NATSIHS survey found the indigenous adults who are residing in the remote areas of Australian (about 23%) are more prone towards the indulgence in the high risk behaviour of the binge drinking when comparison was done with same category of people living in the non remote areas where the percentage was found to be 18%. The survey has also found that indulgence in alcohol abuse among indigenous populations has increased from 47 percent in 2002 to 51 percent in the year of 2008. A large number of different types of health effects often remain associated with alcohol abuse. Alcohol has long-lasting effects on brain as it hampers the functioning of neurotransmitters in the brain. The long term use of alcohol may change the structure of brain resulting in changes in our thinking and behaviour. The alcohol also affects our learning and memory skills; and also our emotions and personality ( Hermens et al, 2013) . The researchers have found definite changes in structures of brain due to alcohol abuse including shrinking of brain tissues (ibid) . The effects of alcohol on cardiovascular system are also profound. It weakens the muscles of heart causing alcoholic cardiomyopathy (Whitman et al, 2015). The long-term use of alcohol or binge drinking at risky levels may result in cardiac arrhythmias, ventricular tachycardia, strokes, and hypertension (ibid). The alcohol abuse may result in alcoholic hepatitis characterized by nausea, abdominal pain, appetite loss, fever and mental confusion. Prolonged use may also result in jaundice, cirrhosis, liver cancer and liver failure ( Gustot et al, 2017) . The alcohol abuse may also lead to pancreatitis and thus causing impaired digestion as well as impaired blood sugar levels (Herreros-Villanueva, 2013). Moreover National Cancer Institute (NCI) has identified alcohol as a risk factor for various types of cancers including oral cancer, oesophageal cancer, pharyngeal cancer, laryngeal cancer, liver cancer and also breast cancer (Printz, 2016). Alcohol addiction thereby has resulted in the development of a allege number of physical as well as mental ailments which not only prevent them from enjoying a good life but also makes them exposes to larger financial flow which becomes very difficult for them due to their lesser chances to earn very high amount due to discriminations. Therefore, it is very important to prevent them from practicing such bad habits so that they can lead better quality lives. The different social determinants of health that remain associated with the development of alcohol addiction and alcohol abuse are needed to be discussed in the context. Often researchers have defined the different social determinants of health as the environmental and social factors that affect the well-being and healthiness of the community, individual and family (McMurray, Clendon, Ebook Library, 2015). The material and social world around us plays a very important role in susceptibility or resistance to disease agents or risk factors. There are situations that place individuals at a much higher risk. The different factors that often make an individual addicted to alcohol is not always individual choice. Different factors that often lead to such effects are different types of adverse environmental surroundings, development o culture form the early childhood, financial turmoil, emotional turmoils, hereditary signs and symptoms of alcohol use and many others. Large numbers of socia l factors are also stated by researchers to be contributing to alcohol abuse and addiction in the category of people. These include economic and social marginalisation; material disadvantages, social and economic discrimination at policy level , cultural dispossession and difficulties in cultural assimilation, family conflict or social conflict, violence at the level of family or community, and family history of alcohol misuse ( Zubrick et al, 2010 ). Social exclusion which usually reslt from various factors like those from racism stigmatization , sexual identity, and also about physical appearance, poverty and even hostility also seen to play crucial role in the degradation of health as well as in alcohol abuse behavior of communities ( Gazis, Connor Ho, 2010). On the other hand social support promotes a feeling of belonging and increases selfesteem and thus reduces the likelihood of indulgence in risky behaviours. A reduction in alcohol remains associated with the improvement of the overall health and the wellbeing of people. They also increase levels of household income, educational achievement and decrease the percenatge of crime, imprisonment and sililar such adverse events (SCRGSP 2007b). Summary The alcohol abuse problem is widely prevalent among indigenous people of Torres State Islands. Although the prevalence is more in males as compared to females, but both the genders have increased likelihood of taking high risky levels of alcohol as compared to non-indigenous people. Excessive drinking of alcohol leads to various health issues which include cardiomyopathy, liver cancer, hepatitis, pancreatitis, liver failure and various cancers. The alcohol related domestic violence and indulgence in criminal activities is also widely prevalent. The various social determinants of alcohol abuse among these communities include social exclusion, poverty, racism, and stigmatization. These people have no opportunities for social mobilization, which should be provided. There is a need to mobilize these communities by providing them educational and occupational opportunities. Communities could be empowered by forming self-help groups among them and providing social support from outside. Thus addressing the structural determinants of alcohol abuse may best help addressing the problem effectively. There is an urgent need to provide education to women and children who could individually help the man to be also educated and encourage them to participate in health promotion programs. There is a need to form different unions like women self-help groups and also for self-help groups for men, schools for children, adult education and social support. The communities of Torres State Island as such need to be included in the mainstream social and economic life of Australia. References: ABS 2006. National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey 200405. ABS cat. no. 4715.0. Canberra: ABS. ABS 2010. National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey: users guide, 2008. ABS cat. no. 4720.0. Canberra: ABS. Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) (31 October 2012) "Torres Strait Islands" . 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 19 June 2014. Brett, J., Dawson, A., Ivers, R., Lawrence, L., Barclay, S., Conigrave, K. (2017). Healing at home: Developing a model for ambulatory alcohol " detox" in an Aboriginal community controlled health service. International Journal of Indigenous Health, 12(1), 24-38. Gazis, N., Connor, J. P., Ho, R. (2010). Cultural identity and peer influence as predictors of substance use among culturally diverse Australian adolescents. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 30(3), 345-368. Grant, T., Graham, J. C., Ernst, C. C., Peavy, K. M., Brown, N. N. (2014). Improving pregnancy outcomes among high-risk mothers who abuse alcohol and drugs among high-risk mothers who abuse alcohol and drugs: Factors associated with subsequent exposed births. Children and Youth Services Review, 46, 11-18. 46, 11-18. Gustot, T., Fernandez, J., Szabo, G., Albillos, A., Louvet, A., Jalan, R., ... Moreno, C. (2017). Sepsis in Alcohol-related Liver Disease. Journal of Hepatology. Hermens, D. F., Lagopoulos, J., Tobias-Webb, J., De Regt, T., Dore, G., Juckes, L., ... Hickie, I. B. (2013). Pathways to alcohol-induced brain impairment in young people: a review. Cortex, 49(1), 3-17. Herreros-Villanueva, M., Hijona, E., Baales, J. M., Cosme, A., Bujanda, L. (2013). Alcohol consumption on pancreatic diseases. World journal of gastroenterology: WJG, 19(5), 638. McMurray, A., Clendon, J. (2015). Community Health and Wellness-E-book: Primary Health Care in Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Poli, A., Marangoni, F., Avogaro, A., Barba, G., Bellentani, S., Bucci, M., ... de Gaetano, G. (2013). Moderate alcohol use and health: a consensus document. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 23(6), 4 87-504. Printz, C. (2016). NCI seeks ideas for National Cancer Moonshot. Cancer, 122(16), 2453-2453. Ramamoorthi, R., Jayaraj, R., Notaras, L., Thomas, M. ( 2014). Alcohol-related violence among the Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders of the Northern Territory: prioritizing an agenda for prevention-narrative review article. Iranian journal of public health, 43(5), 5 39. Rothman, S. (2014). The impact of Bugmy and Munda on sentencing Aboriginal and other offenders. Judicial Officers Bulletin, 26(3), 17. SCRGSP (Steering Committee for the Review of Government Services Provision) 2007a. Overcoming Indigenous Disadvantage: Key Indicators 2007. Canberra: Productivity Commission. Whitman, I. R., Pletcher, M. J., Vittinghoff, E., Imburgia, K. E., Maguire, C., Betterncourt, L., ... Marcus, G. M. (2015). Abstract P088: Perceptions of Alcohol as Heart Healthy: The Health eHeart Study. World Health Organization, World Health Organization. Ma nagement of Substance Abuse Unit. (2014). Global status report on alcohol and health, 2014. World Health Organization. Zubrick, S. R., Dudgeon, P., Gee, G., Glaskin, B., Kelly, K., Paradies, Y., ... Walker, R. (2010). Social determinants of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander social and emotional wellbeing. Working together: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health and wellbeing principles and practice, 75-90